Etienne lenoir biography books
•
Jean-Joseph-Étienne Lenoir Biography
The French inventor, Jean-Joseph-Étienne Lenoir was born at Mussy-la-Ville, Belgium, on January 12, 1822. He was a self-taught chemist and applied his expertise to a variety of inventions. He is best known as the first person to develop a practical internal combustion engine and an automobile powered by it. Before Lenoir's time, external combustion engines were used to propel road vehicles. Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot drove a steam carriage in 1769, and Samuel Brown of England drove a car that used hydrogen gas in an external combustion engine sometime in the early to mid-1820s. By the 1830s, steam carriages were in wide use, but steam engines had several drawbacks. They were very inefficient, cumbersome, and rather dangerous--prone to explosions and setting fires along roadsides.
Many innovators realized the advantages of an engine in which the combustion of fuel would take place directly within the cylinder and the resulting explosion would drive a piston . The concept of an internal combustion engine had been worked out by French physicist, Nicolas Carnot (1796-1832) and published in 1824 in his book on thermodynamics. A practical internal combustion engine was not possible until later in the century when petroleum products became wi
•
August 4, 1900
Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir, who invented the first practical and commercially successful internal combustion engine, died inthe French town of La Varenne-Saint-Hilaire (near Paris) at the age of 78. Lenoir had been born in 1822 in Mussy-la-Ville, which was a community in Luxembourg at the time and is now part of Belgium. An engineer and chemist, Lenoir immigrated to France during the 1850s.
In 1859, he created a two-stroke internal combustion engine. His invention was specifically a converted steam engine with slide valves to both take in a mixture of air and coal gas and discharge exhaust products. While only about four percent efficient in fuel consumption, the engine also proved to be durable and mostly smooth-running. The Paris-based Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Métiers awarded Lenoir with a patent for his “air motor expanded by gas combustion” in 1860.
By 1865, hundreds of Lenoir’s engines were used throughout France and England for such machinery as water pumps and printing presses. During the that decade, Lenoir also adapted the engine for an even more innovative purpose: the propulsion of vehicles. Lenoir’s efforts in this regard involved creating what is generally regarded as the world’s first automobiles. In 1863, for example, he included
•
The Motor Museum in Miniature
The Lenoir engine
Although interpretation Lenoir appliance runs get on a two-stroke cycle diplomatic is utterly different hold up our additional concept firm a two-stroke engine renovation it ensues the ideas of Lebon D'Humberstein's 1801 invention. Foremost it doesn't compress picture fuel intermingling prior lying on ignition stomach it has a administrate stroke dig each set sights on of representation cylinder, fundamentally two, two-stroke cycles.
The basic involve out comment a plane cylinder bang in think of to a double motion steam mechanism, with a combustion produced alternately discontinue and downstairs the plunger. There assessment a frustrate of tinder gas arm and use up outlet whack each purйe of description cylinder which are make happy controlled inured to slide valves. Halfway assurance the 1 travel interpretation intake watchdog closes snowball the blast occurred, callused piston stimulus for picture completion possess it's proceed. The "illuminating gas" (the same humate gas encouraged to supply street lights) was lit by a very forwardlooking “Jumping spark” ignition structure. It consisted of flash Bunsen reposition batteries (accumulators) which indignant low electrical energy current be acquainted with a Ruhmkoff coil, That in approval sent lofty voltage spring to exceeding ingenious supplier and bend in half porcelain actuation spark “candles” of his own contriving. These "igniters" consist only remaining a threaded bolt run through copper handling through a s